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Dissertations |
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LUIZA APARECIDA ANSALONI CHAGAS PEREIRA
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EFFECT OF TISSUE INJURY DUE TO FOLLICLE ASPIRATION ON OVARIAN FOLLICULAR MOBILIZATION AND MICE FERTILITY
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Advisor : PAULO HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA CAMPOS JUNIOR
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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PAULO HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA CAMPOS JUNIOR
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REMO DE CASTRO RUSSO
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JOAO HENRIQUE MOREIRA VIANA
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Data: Feb 7, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The demand for assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) has increased over the years. Due to this, it is extremely important to create and improve different techniques that are effective to different types of infertility. Currently, in vitro maturation (IVM) and laparoscopic ovarian perforation (LOD) have been used, however, the literature does not provide clear and concise studies on the real effect of technical results on ovarian follicular dynamics and fertility. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of tissue injury resulting from aspiration on ovarian dynamics and follicular mobilization as well as aspects of fertility in C57Bl6 mice. Overall, the results indicate that ovarian puncture modifies follicular and oocyte dynamics, as well as inflammatory symptoms originating from surgical procedures. However, the animals were able to solve these aspects effectively, so that the gestation and offspring were not affected by the puncture.
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2
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RAFAELA DE MELO BARRETO
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EFFECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF PEPTAN ® HETEROLOGOUS COLLAGEN BIOGEL (PIG AND BOVINE) IN THE REPAIR OF SKIN LESIONS IN MICE
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Advisor : RAQUEL ALVES COSTA
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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ERIKA LORENA FONSECA COSTA DE ALVARENGA
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MARCOS AUGUSTO DE SÁ
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RAQUEL ALVES COSTA
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TATIANA CARLA TOMIOSSO
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Data: Feb 24, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The skin is constantly exposed to stimuli from the external environment that can cause some injury and interfere with its barrier function. Therefore, mechanisms guarantee the repair of wounds, but some cases can cause pathological scars that involve, among other factors, impaired function and aesthetics. As a result, numerous therapies are being developed to improve healing. Collagen is a biomaterial with potential to be used because it is abundant, biocompatible, biodegradable and capable of aiding cell migration and proliferation, in addition to improving matrix deposition. Collagen may also be able to influence the immune response through inhibitory receptors and the indirect effects of tolerance that influence the inflammatory phase of skin lesion repair. Therefore, the objective of this work was to produce a heterologous collagen biogel (PEPTAN®) and verify its topical application on the wound on the day the injury was performed and its influence on inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition during the wound closure process. in the skin of Swiss mice. First, the morphological and physicochemical characterization of collagen biogels was performed. Biogels were produced: PEPTAN 1[1], PEPTAN 1[2], PEPTAN 2[1] and PEPTAN 2[2], which differ according to the heterologous source, porcine or bovine, and two different molecular weights. Morphological characterization by SEM showed that porcine collagen granules and gelatins, porcine and bovine, have different shapes, but most have a rounded shape. Bovine collagen granules have a filamentous shape. When comparing the size of the granules, the porcine collagen 5000, porcine 2000 and bovine 5000 presented statistically similar sizes. Bovine collagen 2000 presented smaller granules when compared to porcine collagen 5000, however, it presented granules with a similar size to porcine collagen 2000 and bovine collagen 5000. The size of gelatin granules did not show statistically significant differences. The biogels produced from these biomaterials were structured and porous, with the pores formed from overlapping plates. When comparing the pore size, it was observed that the PEPTAN 1[2] biogel has larger pores when compared to the PEPTAN 2 biogel[2]. The other biogels have pores of similar sizes. XRD analysis showed that collagen peptides and gelatins maintain the helical structure of collagen. These data were confirmed with the analysis of AFM, where it was possible to observe the formation of collagen fibers. Finally, the elemental analysis by EDS showed that in all collagens and gelatines used for the production of biogels, C, O and N were detected, with C being the greatest amount, followed by O and N, typical components of proteins. To evaluate the effects of topical application of PEPTAN® heterologous collagen biogels on skin wound repair, in vivo analyzes were performed. The experimental model consisted of performing two excisional lesions and an incisional lesion on the skin of the back, under anesthesia. Then, the treatment was performed according to the experimental group. The micropore that maintained the topical treatment on the lesions remained for 5 days. The animals were euthanized 7 and 60 days after the injury and the healing was analyzed macro and microscopically after staining with H&E, Toluidine Blue and Gomori Trichrome. In the incisional lesions, macroscopically at 7d, the PEPTAN 1[1] group presented an aesthetically better lesion, reduction of fibroblasts in the PEPTAN 2[1] and PEPTAN 2[2] groups, reduction of mast cells in the PEPTAN 1[2] group when compared with the PEPTAN 2[1] group and At 60d, the incisional lesions of the PEPTAN 1[1] and PEPTAN 1[2] groups present clearer and esthetically better scars when compared to saline. The histomorphometric analysis shows that the PEPTAN 2[2] group showed a higher deposition when compared to the Saline group. In excisional lesions, at 7d, the PEPTAN 1[2] group presented a smaller area, while the PEPTAN 1[1] group presented a larger area. Microscopically, quantitative analysis showed no statistical difference in leukocyte and mast cell counts. It was observed that the PEPTAN 2[1] group had a higher number of fibroblasts when compared to the PEPTAN 1[2] and PEPTAN 2[2] groups. At 60d, the PEPTAN 1[1] and PEPTAN 1[2] groups showed better collagen deposition when compared to the Saline group. The saline group presented a more marked and perceptible transition area between the lesion and the adjacent dermis. While the PEPTAN 1[1] and PEPTAN 1[2] groups showed this smoother transition. We conclude that the application of a dressing containing the PEPTAN® heterologous collagen scaffold improves the healing of skin lesions, with better remodeling of the extracellular matrix.
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3
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ALISSON KENNEDY REZENDE
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Systemic effects of oral tolerance in Wistar rat healing bone repair on remodeling and calcification phase
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Advisor : ERIKA LORENA FONSECA COSTA DE ALVARENGA
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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ALVARO CESAR DE OLIVEIRA PENONI
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ANTONIO CARLOS SHIMANO
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ERIKA LORENA FONSECA COSTA DE ALVARENGA
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RAQUEL ALVES COSTA
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Data: Jul 22, 2022
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Show Abstract
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In addition to vitamins, carbohydrates, and fiber, the corn present in our diet offers protein varieties such as zein. This protein, after contact with the immune system via the gastrointestinal tract, is capable of inducing immunological antigen tolerance. Studies have shown that re-exposures of previously ingested proteins can improve the repair of skin wounds, with a decrease in granulomas, among other systemic effects. However, there are still no records of systematic tolerogenic effects of oral tolerance on post-injury bone tissue repair. Therefore,
this study aimed to evaluate the systemic effects of zein protein tolerized and re- exposed parenterally on the bone repair process (28 and 45 days) after
osteotomy in rat tibiae. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were used and divided into three experimental groups, with i.p. application of Saline (GS), Adjuvant (Al(OH)3) (GA), and Zeine associated with the adjuvant (GZ). A 2 mm osteotomy was performed on the right tibiae, and at 28 and 45 days post defect histomorphometric analyses, bone densitometry (BMD), and biomechanical tests were performed. The weight monitoring of both the weight and the osteomized tibiae showed no changes between the groups. In the BMD analysis, we observed significant differences between the GS and GA groups. There was no difference between the experimental time of the GS, suggesting that bone mineralization is greater on day 28 after the defect. The biomechanical shear stress test performed on the right tibiae showed a significant difference only in the maximum force variable of the GS, indicating that at 45 days after the defect the tissue became more resistant to external mechanical forces. In the histological evaluation, we observed acceleration of the repair process in the ZMG compared to the other groups at 28 days post-defense and similarity between all groups at 45 days post-defense. The results of the present study demonstrate the beneficial and systemic action of oral tolerance, after immunization by previously ingested protein, in the phases of ossification and bone remodeling. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved and to generate new future therapeutic forms.
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4
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Graziele Mayra Santos Moreira
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HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CARDIORESPIRATORY TISSUE OF RATS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE TRAINED WITH HIGH INTENSITY PHYSICAL EXERCISE
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Advisor : LILIAM MIDORI IDE
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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ANTONIO JOSE NATALI
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FLAVIA CARMO HORTA PINTO
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LAILA CRISTINA MOREIRA DAMAZIO
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LILIAM MIDORI IDE
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Data: Jul 22, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects the cardiorespiratory system causing greater left ventricular mass in the heart and respiratory muscle weakness compared to healthy individuals. Objective: Analyze the histomorphometric alterations of cardiac tissue and respiratory muscles, in addition to the functional performance of rats with PD submitted to TIAI. Materials and Methods: We used 70 male Wistar rats, 40 days old, divided into groups with Parkinson's (PA) and Sham (SH); subdivided into groups that performed High Intensity Interval Training Before Surgery (TIAIa); TIAI After Surgery (TIAId) and TIAI Before and After Surgery (TIAIad). Physical exercise was performed before and/or after PD induction. The rats performed the exercise, 5 times a week, for 25 minutes/day, for 4 or 8 weeks. The functional performance of the animals was evaluated by of false step and parallel bars tests. For morphometric analysis of the heart, the relative weight of the heart, diameter and thickness of the left ventricle were calculated. The histochemistry of the substantia nigra of the midbrain was performed using the Nissl method. Myocardial, diaphragm, intercostal and rectus abdominis muscles were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). The histomorphometric study was performed with the Image J program to analyze the cross-sectional area of the muscles and the number of muscle fibers. Data analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 9.3 statistical program, one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results: The analysis of the hind legs with the parallel bars test showed that the trained animals showed improvement in functional performance compared to the animals in the sedentary group. The relationship between the body weight, heart weight and number of cardiomyocytes showed no significant difference in PA and SH trained animals. There was an increase in the areas of the diaphragm, intercostal and rectus abdominis muscles in the PA and SH trained groups compared to the sedentary ones. Conclusion: The TIAI provided hypertrophy of the respiratory muscles and left ventricle of the heart, in addition to improving the functional performance of the hind legs of animals with PD.
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5
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MARCIA REIMOL DE ANDRADE
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EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE LADDER AT DIFFERENT INTENSITIES ON THE GROWTH PLATE AND THE SOLEUS MUSCLE OF YOUNG RATS
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Advisor : LAILA CRISTINA MOREIRA DAMAZIO
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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ALESSANDRO DE OLIVEIRA
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FLAVIA CARMO HORTA PINTO
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IZABEL REGINA DOS SANTOS COSTA MALDONADO
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LAILA CRISTINA MOREIRA DAMAZIO
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Data: Jul 26, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Introduction: Physical exercise assists in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, and its practice is encouraged since childhood, including in competitive activities. Thus, it is important to investigate the effects of high and medium-intensity physical exercise with weights on the stairs on muscle fibers and the epiphyseal plate of young rats, identifying their benefits and disadvantages. Objective: To evaluate the effects of high and medium-intensity physical exercise with weights on the stairs on the growth plate and muscle fibers of the soleus muscle in young rats. Methods: Climbing exercises with weights attached to the tail were performed in young Wistar rats divided into three groups of 8 animals each: control, high-intensity training, and medium-intensity training. The characteristics of interest regarding the growth plate were the cell count area, the number of cells per zone, and growth plate thickness. In the soleus muscle, the muscle fiber area and the number of fibers were calculated to assess muscle hypertrophy and even hyperplasia. Staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) was carried out for the soleus muscle and the growth plate, while Gomori’s trichrome was used for growth-plate staining. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied to assess the distributions of the means of each group, and one-way ANOVA was performed using Tukey’s posttest, considering a significance level of p<0.005. Results: A decrease in mean growth plate thickness and an increase in the area of the skeletal muscle fibers of the soleus muscle were identified in the trained groups compared to the control group (p<0.005). The growth plate showed lower thickness and cellularity in the physical training groups, evidencing different effects of physical exercise with weights on the growth plate and soleus muscle. Conclusion: It can be concluded that different effects occurred with high and medium-intensity physical exercise on muscle tissue hypertrophy and on the growth plate, highlighting the need for further investigation concerning the consequences on the growth of young rats.
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6
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Silvana Venâncio da Silva
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The effect of high-intensity physical exercise on neuronal density and astrocyte expression before and after Parkinson's disease induction in rats
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Advisor : LAILA CRISTINA MOREIRA DAMAZIO
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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ETEL ROCHA VIEIRA
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ITA DE OLIVEIRA SILVA
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LAILA CRISTINA MOREIRA DAMAZIO
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PAULO HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA CAMPOS JUNIOR
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Data: Jul 29, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Parkinson's disease (PD) affects dopaminergic neurons located in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. The practice of resistance physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that has been tested in the treatment of PD. Thus, the present project aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on neuronal density and astrocyte expression in the brain of rats with PD that exercised before and after disease induction. Seventy Wistar rats were used, distributed as follows: 09 animals trained before PD induction (DP-Exa), 09 trained after PD induction (DP-Exd); 10 trained before and after PD induction (DP-Exad) and 09 sedentary animals (DP-Sed). The same groups were distributed to the group without PD (Sham). High-intensity physical training was performed on the vertical ladder before and/or after PD induction. It was performed for 5 days/week, 30 to 45 minutes, for 4 weeks. PD induction was performed using the electrolytic lesion model in the coordinates: AP equal to -4.9, ML equal to 1.7 and DV equal to 8.1. The animals' motor performance was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of training with false step the test, parallel bars test and open field tests. At the end of the experiment, the brain was removed for histochemistry, staining by the Nissl method, and immunohistochemistry by expression of Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP) from the substantia nigra and striatum. The histomorphometric study was performed with the Image J program for counting neurons and astrocytes (GFAP). The GraphPad Prism 9.3 program was used, one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post-hoc (p<0.05). The analysis showed better performance of the animals that trained compared to the sedentary group, in the parallel bars and open field tests. Data on neuron counts in the striatum, substantia nigra and GFAP in the animals of the DP-Exa, Sham-Exa, DP-Exad and Sham-Exad groups showed a greater number of neurons and greater expression of GFAP, when compared to the groups DP-Exd, Sham-Exd, DP-Sed and Sham-Sed. in conclusion, the groups of animals that performed high-intensity training before, before and after PD induction had higher densities of neurons and astrocytes.
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7
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VICTORIA BESSA ALVARENGA LIMA
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Study of the effect of Ginkgo biloba and quercetin extracts on the mouse vas deferens
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Advisor : PRISCILA TOTARELLI MONTEFORTE
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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ADOLFO GARCIA ERUSTES
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JOAQUIM MAURICIO DUARTE ALMEIDA
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LAILA CRISTINA MOREIRA DAMAZIO
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PRISCILA TOTARELLI MONTEFORTE
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Data: Aug 10, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Medicinal plants have been used because they play an important role in human health. Ginkgo biloba (GB) is one of the oldest tree species in the world. Its extract (GBE) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about 5000 years to treat different ailments. It has been demonstrated, the relaxing effect of GBE in different organs of smooth muscle, however, as far as it has been possible to research, there are still no studies demonstrating the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the vas deferens. The vas deferens (DD) conducts the spermatozoa at the moment of ejaculation. This event occurs by the contraction of the smooth muscle cells of the DD, which play an important role in the emission phase of ejaculation, and changes in this contraction can lead to ejaculatory disorders, such as premature ejaculation (PE). PE is considered the most common sexual disorder in the male population, characterized by ejaculation that always or almost always occurs before or about 1 minute after vaginal penetration. Thus, our objective was to study the effect of GBE extracts on the contraction of the vas deferens, since alterations in this contraction may be associated with PE. For this purpose, 60-day-old male Swiss mice were used. The vas deferens (DD) were isolated and immersed in nutrient fluid in an organ bath system. Stimulation of contraction, in the DD, was done with potassium chloride (KCl 80mM). After stabilization of the contractile response, further KCl curves were performed, but in the presence of increasing concentrations of one of the EGB extracts (GB1 or GB2) or quercetin, a flavonoid compound present in GB. In addition, the effect of these substances was also tested in the presence of nifedipine or quercetin. Our results demonstrate that GB extracts, quercetin and nifedipine are able to inhibit the phasic and tonic components of KCl-induced contraction. The effect of GB1, under the tonic component, was potentiated, in the presence of nifedipine. The same happens when we analyzed the effect of GB2 extract, but in the presence of quercetin. When we compared the tonic component between the different experimental groups (GB1: Nifedipine+GB1 or GB2: Nifedipine+GB2 and Quercetin+GB2, we observed that, in the presence of nifedipine or quercetin, the inhibition of contraction caused by GB1 or GB2 was potentiated when compared with the inhibition that occurs only in the presence of the extracts. Unlike when comparing the Quercetin and Nifedipine+Quercetin groups, where there was an increase in the inhibitory effect of quercetin in the presence of nifedipine under both phasic and tonic components. These results indicate that GB1, GB2 and quercetin are able to inhibit some mechanism that may be involved with the generation
of KCl-induced contraction in mouse ductus deferens. Furthermore, they also suggest that this inhibitory effect is not solely dependent on inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Thus, these findings point out that GBE as well as quercetin may be pharmacological strategies for the treatment of PE.
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8
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Elisangela Elduina Ferreira
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Effects of the use of ethanolic extract and hydroethanolic fraction of the ripe fruit of Solanum lycocarpum on the healing process of skin wounds in mice
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Advisor : FLAVIA CARMO HORTA PINTO
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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FLAVIA CARMO HORTA PINTO
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PAULO HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA CAMPOS JUNIOR
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LUCIANA ALVES RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS LIMA
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PAULA VIEIRA TEIXEIRA VIDIGAL
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Data: Aug 22, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Plant species are a rich source for the discovery of active principles and the development of new therapies. The species Solanum lycocarpum A.St.-Hil has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects confirmed in some experimental models. In addition, several phytochemicals present in the extracts used were found in other species of the genus, such as some phenolic compounds, which were related to the effects of improving the healing process, with individual or synergistic effects on one or more stages of wound healing. The research project aimed to analyze the effects of the use of ethanolic extract and the hydroethanolic fraction of the ripe fruit of Solanum lycocarpum on the healing process of skin wounds in mice. Seventy-two animals were randomly divided into three groups, a Control Group that received topical application of physiological saline solution, a group treated with ethanol extract and a group treated with the hydroethanolic fraction of the ripe fruit of Solanum lycocarpum. Each group was subdivided into four other subgroups according to the treatment period: 1, 5, 7 and 21 days, with n=6 in each subgroup. To make the excisional wounds, a metallic dermatological punch, 7 mm in diameter, was used. Macroscopic evaluations of each lesion were performed daily to verify the presence of inflammatory signs (edema, hyperemia), the presence of crusts and secretions and to calculate the rate of contraction of the wounds. After 1, 5, 7 or 21 days after the excisional lesion, the animals were euthanized by a lethal dose of anesthetic. A fragment containing the wound was removed, cleaved and fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. Subsequently, the material was histologically processed and stained by histological and histochemical methods, for histopathological and morphometric evaluation of the inflammatory infiltrate, fibroblasts, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, after daily topical treatment with ethanolic extract of the ripe fruit of Solanum lycocarpum and its hydroethanolic fraction. The results show that macroscopically the treatments did not interfere with the closure of excisional wounds over the 21 days. Topical application of ethanolic extract from the ripe fruit of Solanum lycocarpum reduced the inflammatory infiltrate and areas of edema after 1, 5 or 7 days of treatment. No differences were observed in fibroblast, mast cell and blood vessel counts. In the treated groups, the remodeling process was in progress, however, a better evolution was observed in the group that received ethanol extract, where the epithelium was more similar to that of the areas without lesion.
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9
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JUAN FILLIPE DA SILVA MONTEIRO
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Banca fechada.
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Advisor : RAQUEL ALVES COSTA
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BANKING MEMBERS :
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GISELE VIANA DE OLIVEIRA
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CLAUDIA ROCHA CARVALHO
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ERIKA LORENA FONSECA COSTA DE ALVARENGA
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RAQUEL ALVES COSTA
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Data: Dec 6, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Banca fechada.
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