The Slam das Minas is an artistic, cultural, and political movement that represents an attempt to create a social space for struggle and resistance. This research aims to highlight Slam das Minas as a transgressive movement that questions dominant epistemologies and contributes to the expansion of decentralized perspectives through diverse knowledge and practices, thereby constituting itself as a necessary political movement to reflect upon and strive to contribute to a more just and equitable society. The dissertation is grounded in the methodology proposed by Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999) for Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) within the context of the Slam das Minas movement, aiming to explore how Slam das Minas poetry represents political and feminist resistance – black, decolonial, and intersectional – against systems of oppression. From a decolonial and intersectional perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis, we will analyze the networks of relationships between social practices and discursive practices that intersect within the Slam das Minas movement. Moreover, the objective is to investigate the networks of practices in which the themes addressed by Slam das Minas are organized, in order to identify the materializations of black feminism in the projected poems; to critically explain the relationships between the semiotics projected by Slam das Minas and other elements within the practice it is embedded in, as well as the projections of meanings – within the discourse order – concerning cultural models and resistance metaphors highlighted in the poems; and to problematize Slam das Minas as a social, artistic, cultural, and political resistance movement that aims to combat and denounce the systemic oppression experienced by black, marginalized, and peripheralized Brazilian women. Inspired by Acosta (2018), the research formulates guiding questions that go beyond the original structure of the methodological framework, deepening the investigation. The corpus consists of seven selected poems from YouTube, from the Slam das Minas movement. The analysis focuses on the resistance metaphors present in the poems, considering their relationships with cultural models, power relations, and ideology in social contexts. Thus, the research explores how resistance metaphors react to and rewrite practices of oppression, demonstrating how these poems fit into broader political strategies. The study contributes to the understanding of marginalized voices[U1]  in the contemporary landscape, showing how poetic language can act as a form of resistance and the construction of senses of identification.

This master's thesis is about racial quotas and its general objective is to analyze linguistically and discursively how ethnic-racial quotas are evaluated as an affirmative action policy. And as specific objectives, we list the following: a) Identify evaluation marks on the quota system and what are the social effects of linguistic choices materialized in the corpus of analysis; b) Identify assessment marks in relation to quota students and what are the social effects of linguistic choices materialized in the corpus of analysis; c) Investigate the ideologies that permeate the linguistic choices materialized in the comments on Twitter, in order to discuss how the polarizations between WExTHEY influence the assessment of the quota system and the quota holders. It must be explained that social and racial quotas aim to reduce inequalities that permeate different areas and, as mentioned above, also affect education. Thus, in 2012, Law No. 12,711 was enacted in order to guarantee the admission of PPI students and people with disabilities to higher education courses at universities and federal institutes in Brazil. That said, this research is based on Critical Discourse Analysis/Critical Discourse Analysis studies, more specifically on the dialectical-relational approach (CHOULIARAKI; FAIRCLOUGH, 1999; FAIRCLOUGH, 2003, 2009, 2019) and on the Appraisal System (MARTIN ; WHITE, 2005). For the approach on quotas, we rely on studies of law 12,711/12 and on studies by van Dijk (2017, 2021), mainly. As for racism, we sought studies by hooks (2019); van Dijk (2015); Ribeiro (2019) and Almeida (2019). And in relation to the corpus, it consists of 105 comments taken, through 72 screenshots, from the social network twitter. Finally, we believe that this research can contribute to anti-racist practices, because we realize that there are situations that demonstrate how racism and social, economic and cultural inequalities persist against blacks in the global and Brazilian reality.

The present research aims to analyze gender and sexuality metaphors in the song lyrics from the album “Pajubá”, by the artist Linn da Quebrada, through a socio-cognitive perspective. In order to investigate whether such metaphors represent a paradigm shift in the way gender is socio-cognitively conceived, the research uses the precepts of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (LAKOFF; JOHNSON; 2002[1980]). In addition, it makes use of proposals for metaphor studies with a discursive approach, such as the systematic metaphor (CAMERON, 2010; CAMERON et al, 2012) and the metaphorical niche (VEREZA, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013). The research, of an interdisciplinary nature, combines propositions from metaphor studies with gender studies and queer theory (BUTLER, 2003) pointing to queer language studies (BORBA, 2018; MELO, 2020). The metaphors were identified by the reading method (SARDINHA, 2007), to be later grouped and analyzed. The research revealed that the metaphors presented in the album “Pajubá” corroborate the argument of the queer theory that gender is performative (BUTLER, 2003), also showing the use of such an idea for the creation of new possibilities of being and existing in the world, using language as a tool of resistance.

This work is affiliated to the theory guided by enunciative-based semantic studies, whose analysis assumption turns to the reflection on the linguistic materiality perceived through the eyes of Enunciation. Thus, organic and enunciative aspects are considered in the description of language facts. In this research, as the main corpus, we approach the nominal formations (FNs) 'single mother' and 'gay couple', in order to investigate the potentials of articulation that the nucleus-nouns and their convergent ones, through the internominal articulatory process, present in relation to the historical referentials that sustain them. We also aimed at understanding which enunciative reasons anchor these FNs, as enunciative happenings. To do so, we worked with a data collection, available in digital media. Our searches were conducted through the Google search site, and had as input the keywords, written in quotation marks, 'single mother' and 'gay couple', which constitute, according to the theoretical perspective to which we are affiliated, nominal formations. In the sequence, we carried out the selection and analysis of the occurrences, seeking to understand, above all, how the bundles of meaning are organized by the FNs researched, in enunciative network with other FNs, such as: 'solo mother'; ‘single father’; 'gay marriage; 'gay pride'; 'independent production; 'independent motherhood'; 'empowered mothers'; 'female empowerment’ and 'family'. From this, we seek to achieve the main objective proposed here, namely: to investigate what enunciative reasons sustain the movement of encapsulation and referential dilation that the nucleus-name performs with its convergents in the constitution of nominal formations. Our results allowed us to realize that the name 'mother', through the mechanisms of referential dilation and encapsulation, articulates itself internally with the convergents 'single' and 'solo', in a clash proper of the linguistic, in order to (re)signify the social roles of women, in relation to motherhood, in everyday life. On the other hand, we conclude that the noun 'couple', articulating center of reference in 'gay couple', has been going through a movement of expansion of its domain of meaning, through the aggregation of a new convergent - 'gay' - in an enunciative dynamic that we name as referential dilation. Moreover, we demonstrate how these FNs are mobilized in network and what effects of meaning they produce, in interface with other FNs, which are part of the same domain of signification.

The purpose of this thesis to investigate the book um corpo negro (2019) by
Lubi Prates (1986), which brings racism in everyday life, the one that transits
between ancestry and the silencing of the Black voice. The Prates’ veses
embody individual and collective memories in a space of self-representation.
Verses inscribed in ways of saying about the black female body which is
subjugated to stereotyped and ethnocentric representations, historically
constructed by the Brazilian cultural tradition. For this work, the concept of
diaspora was used to explain the process of construction of the black body in
Brazilian society, the intersectionality concept to assist in the discussion of the
body through gender, race and class and the decoloniality concept to engender
in writing a possibility of denunciation and resistance. To do so, it was
necessary too delve into the historical processes and analyze the historiography
of the black body, showing the tactics created with the intention of camouflaging
African history and its diaspora.

xx

This study is based on the assumptions of the Semantics of Enunciations and analyze how female silencing is manifested in discourses made by women and about women. Therefore, it seeks to trace the course of the modern and Western construction of femininity, to categorize under which references this construction occurs and analyze, linguistically, the effects of meaning of this silencing in diferente places of saying and histotical-social moments. In view of this, it presents some categories (mansplainning, manterrupting, bropriating and gaslighting) through which this silencing materializes, observing how the mobilization domain, the enunciation space and the historical references are articulated to support these enunciations. The selection of the research corpus was carried out through searches on the social medias Twitter, Instagram and Facebook, as well as on the Google searsh site, using two methodological processes: survey (GUIMARÃES, 2018; 2023) and enunciative networks (DIAS, 2018). We also used rewriting, by paraphrastic resoucer, in order to investigate the tension between what was said and what was not said, since the names ‘silence’ and ‘silencing’ did not always appear explicitly in our corpus. Therefore, our analysis allowed us to describe the extent to which silencing participates in the process of meaning of the roles women play in social life and how historical references mobilize or desmobilize this silencing.

The work analyzes the book "Sentidos en Lengua Española 3" based upont the concept of Pedagogical Discourse, with the aim of identifying the images or student-reader and teacher-reader projected by the book

The body has always been the primary territory of domination and control of user relations. In this dissertation, we deal with how these structures that are close and that are closer in the structures of relationships (on the right) are life and death connected to power and biopower devices, regulating sexuality in dissident bodies. To do so, we use the literary work “o casulo Dandara”, a posthumous biography of the transvestite Dandara Katheryn, who died at the age of 42, on February 15, 2017, in the Bom Jardim neighborhood, in Fortaleza (CE) using the contributions of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler in the construction of queer theory.

The research intends to analyze eleven pronouncements made by Jair Messias Bolsonaro between 2004 and 2016 in the House of Representatives, in order to identify how the period of the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985) is signified in such statements. The selected pronouncements were analyzed based on the formulations of Laclau (2013) and Morais (2019) about the division of the social field into two antagonistic poles, and on Pêcheux’s propositions about the political discourse as an “exemplary representative of various types of discursive processes” (PÊCHEUX, 1997a, p. 77), being a space marked by the dispute over meanings (PÊCHEUX, 2014b). The analysis allowed us to point out that Bolsonaro's statements are characterized not only by the dichotomization of social space (LACLAU, 2013), constitutive of the form of political discourse that we proposed, dividing society into two poles in an oppositional relationship, but also by a military logic that points out an internal enemy (ANDRADE, 2019). The analysis also indicated that the military dictatorship is signified as a revolution in counterpoint to a supposed communist threat.

The lackness of Life Narratives (BEARTAUX, 2010; MACHADO, 2009-2016; CARVALHO, 2016) in French Discourse Analysis field makes them a new discursive materiality (MACHADO, 2015,2016). In this research, these new materialities are narrowed to the narrative of seven students in immersion in Brazil, all of them in a situation of crisis migration (BAENINGER E PERES, 2017, CLOCHARD, 2007), which mainly concerns the process of learning Portuguese, considering that these migrants are students of Portuguese Welcoming Language (PWLg) in a higher education institution located in Minas Gerais (MG). Therefore, due to the comprehension of discourse as effects of meaning between speakers (PÊCHEUX, 1969), in order to analyze the migrants’life narratives, it is made a dialogue between some concepts derived from French Discouse analysis – notably those formulated by Michel Pêcheux (1969, 1975), including the aforementioned construct of discourse, conditions of production, imaginary formations – and theoretical assumptions related do crisis migration in Brazil, among which: discourse of the lack (DINIZ E NEVES, 2018), the discourse of learning Portuguese as an obligation (GASPARINI & LIMA, 2020; LOPEZ, 2016, 2018, 2020a, 2020b; MIRANDA, 2021), the questioning of migrants’ welcoming – principally with respect to PWLg – assimilationist practices (ANUNCIAÇÃO, 2018, 2019), migrants’ demonization (GALVÃO, 2019), as well as their essencialization and totalization (LOPEZ & MIRANDA, 2019; MAHER, 2007), categorizations that lead them to invisibilization (DINIZ & NEVES, 2018), silencing (ANUNCIAÇÃO, 2018), vulnerability (SÃO BERNARDO, 2016) and helplessness (AMADO, 2013; LOPEZ, 2016). The results reveal a leation of (un)supportiveness towards the migrant because of the (non) learning Portuguese, related also to the images that the migrant projects onto himself, the other subject, and onto the place hold in his discourse. The PWLg classroom, inherently an intercultural environment, it is projected by the migrant as a place over and above learning Portuguese. Space of interculturality (MAHER, 2007), the PWLg classroom is configured, in migrants’ discourse, as a place where social interaction takes place, giving support to the migrants. In their discourse, the teacher is imagined as the one who truly helps and welcomes them. However, regarding other surroundings, there is an illusion and/or refutation of images that projects the migrant’s welcoming, allowing narratives to be analyzed as a space for resistence to the migrant’s essencialization. In some analyzed narratives there are contradictions in their discourses, in a veiled way and despite consciousness, which unveil the discourse of the lack, and the non welcoming on the part of the Brazilian people, differently from what is internationally widespread, namely Brazil as a country where migrants are welcomed. These considerations reiterate the correlation between life narratives and discourses that are constructed throughout the migrant’s life. In other words: narratives and-in discourse.

This work has, as an analysis layer, a document of normative character that parameterizes the Brazilian education, the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), whose theoretical support is based, according to the document itself, on an enunciative-discursive perspective of language. Thus, this research intends to verify how this theoretical assumption is supported by the BNCC. Furthermore, it proposes an investigation into the contours assumed by the concepts of utterance and text in the document. As a result, in the perspective of what is proposed by the National Base, this work problematizes to what extent the presented enunciative bias contributes to the systematized organization of pedagogical actions, in language studies, considering that, as a concept is presented, all following practice must be correlated with the foundations that such a definition establishes. Therefore, this analysis is anchored in the theoretical assumptions established by the Semantics of Enunciation, but also performs a panoramic look over different enunciative theories, in order to validate the thesis that the BNCC performs an intersection between such theories, not assuming, therefore, a uniform look over the idea of Enunciation. Once this validation is presented, as a result of the analyzes carried out, a proposal for a didactic transposition of linguistic analysis activities is developed, guided by the assumptions of the Semantics of Enunciation, with the objective of systematizing theoretical-practical-methodological procedures that support a semantic-enunciative approach of the pedagogical work.

This paper aims to study the novel “A noite das mulheres cantoras”, by the Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge. In the narrative that narrates the creation and end of the band ApósCalipso in the late 1980s, we observe that when telling about her life and the other four members of this musical project, the narrator Solange de Matos dialogues with the recent history of Portugal, especially with the question of the return of settlers who live in Africa and return to the country between 1974 and 1979 with the independence of the former colonies. In the narrative we are guided by Solange who, after more than twenty years, feels the need to report the events of her youth, to disenchant the version of the past presented by Gisela Batista, the maestrina, on a television program. The reader thus has access, to the interpretation  about the past, to a narrative organized to unmask Gisela and to atone for her involvement in Madalena's death. With Solange's account, we have access to an intimate perspective of the return, which contemplates a “reality” that the narrative created by the State ignores. Thus, with the help of theorists such as Benjamin (1987; 2018) and Gabnebin (2018) to analyze this narrator who reports small events, who narrates moved by the desire to not let anything get lost, and who intends to  testifying about a time, a people. In order to study the construction of this narrative about the memory of a period, we used theorists such as Pollak (1989;1992) and Halbwachs (2203) and their teachings on individual and collective memory, as well as how these influence the construction of identity narratives.

This research work intends to investigate the poetics permeated by the idea of resistance in our troubled context, using as a north the powerful crossing between the writing of professor/poet/critic Alberto Pucheu and poet/professor/lawyer Carlos Assumpção, the latter being considered a of the deans of Afro-Brazilian literature. The works used are: why poets in times of terrorism? published in 2017; and I will not stop screaming, published in 2020. The film Carlos de Assumpção: protest, produced by Pucheu, is also fundamental in the construction of this research. Regarding the inscription of work in our time, we will open a panorama of contemporaneity, explaining its aesthetic and social marks. The study exposes the dynamics of identities and seeks the paradoxes existing in what poetics can build on national meanings, especially in times of crisis. I intend to analyze in what ways poetry assumes its political function nowadays, especially through the words - implicit and explicit - of the studied authors and theorists, also considering its action beyond just words. Without fear of entering the so-called ''common-places'' and taking into account the exhaustion of ideas of originality that were manifested through classical masterpieces, I intend to shed light on the troubled daily life of a nation with gigantic social disparities, but which has in itself an immense depth of cultural manifestations and a sharp tongue for narrating-questioning-protesting. Telling the stories of exterminations is a way to open up their pain and, who knows, even repair its effects. Surviving beyond words is now an issue at the heart of the politics of life.

La furia y otros cuentos is the third book written by Argentine writer Silvina Ocampo, which was published in 1959 by Sur. The work includes 34 stories that, in different ways, insert the “surreal” into daily life, through strange characters, narrators and unconventional environments. The objective of this dissertation is to verify if the short stories in this book can indicate a literary framework as belonging to the fantastic genre, magic realism and/or surrealism; or whether they express her own literary genre. The methodology to be used will be based on bibliographic research, applying the critical-analytical method. Starting from the construction of Ocampo’s biographical and literary profile, based on Enriquez (2018), Ulla (2014), Fernández (2017) and Sousa (2017), I proceed with a theoretical approach of the fantastic genre, the magic realism developed in Argentina and the techniques of surrealism, based on Roas (2014), Todorov (2017), Chiampi (2015), Rodrigues (1988; 2003), Paz (1974) and Choza (2011), among others. With these readings, the concepts frequently used in discussions of the above mentioned genres will be approached, like the unheimlich (FREUD, 1976), the double (RANK, 2013; FREUD, 1976; HOGLE, 2005; BOTTING, 2002), real/unreal (ROSSET , 2008) and the abject (KRISTEVA, 1982; SPOONER and MCEVOY, 2007). In the end, I indicate a possible position for Ocampo in the literary tradition, through the analysis of the narrative strategies explored by the writer in her short-stories collection titled La Furia y otros cuentos. I also approach the possible intertextual dialogue of the texts with other works pertaining to the literary and cultural tradition (GILBERT, GUBAR, 2000; WOOLF, 2014), in order to point out the individual marks of Silvina Ocampo's writing (KLINGENBERG, ZULLO-RUIZ, 2016; ELIOT, 1919).

This thesis aims at investigating the process of identitary construction, as well as the possibilities of empowerment and agency of Tituba in Marise Condé’s metaficcional novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. To accomplish the proposed aims, I analyze the narratives strategies used by the author in order to revisit the history of Tituba, and then re-signify the silences and gaps present in the historical process around her, thus making it possible to deconstruct the stereotypical images, as well as the rewriting of historical events seen as hegemonic under the perspective of the subalternized individuals. I also describe aspects concerning the history of Tituba and the obscure period of the witch-hunt in seventeenth-century America, as an attempt to contextualize the atmosphere of persecution of that time. In addition, I also investigate diaspora  and becoming in transit experienced by the protagonist, as well as the continual dislocation through different affecttionate, discoursive, geographical, and identitary spaces, which lead to changes in Tituba’s subjectivity and makes her identity multiple and fragmented, which helps characterize her as a dislocated and up-rooted woman. For this analysis, I tried to base on the reflections of scholars of a varied range. Their texts, as well as the distinct theories used proved crucial to illumine the novel by Condé and better understand how colonialism, mobility, and the dislocations do mark the trajectory of the novel’s protagonist.

The narratives that elected Portugal as an imagined community took into account the conception of the country as an empire, which counted with colonies in different continents, that way the literature played an important role as a national culture. However, in the contemporaneity, Portuguese literature presents itself as a possibility of revisiting a memorie and it opens up to the new demands of the globalized world. In view of this, this dissertation performs a study about the romance O vento assobiando nas gruas (2002), by Lidia Jorge. It seeks to reflect about the portuguese nation from the dialogue between some of the voices that compose itself in the post Carnation Revolution scenario, focusing on the protagonist Milene Leandro, her oligophrenia, her mutilated body and the proximity with the Mata, a family of cape-verdeans in Portugal. Based on the reflections about the modern nation and the contemporary, especially in Homi Bhabha (1998), and on the specifications of Portuguese identity, colonialism and post-colonialism, in texts by Eduardo Lourenço (1999, 2001 and 2014) and Boaventura de Sousa Santos (1994, 1999, 2003), as well as assumptions of decoloniality, in Walter Mignolo (2017), we try to think about the Portuguese national imaginary. In addition, we will discuss the violence against the body of the protagonist as a metaphor of a nation that transits between the desire to shield the collective memory and the demands of the contemporary context.

This work aims to read Arnaldo Santos’s novel A casa velha das margens. It intends to reflect about the cultural shock that happens during the narrative, with focus on the protagonist Emídio Mendonça’s displacement and crossing. Based on the mimicry’ concept formulated for Homi Bhabha (1998), we draw attention to the ambiguous position of the main character. When he believes in a negative vison about himself –repeated by the colonizer’s speech – Emídio starts to long the European white’s place. Because the cultural imposition, he is not an Angolan or Portuguese. Based on the Antônio Mendonça’s character, we also discuss about the Portuguese colonialism’s specificities, that sometimes shows the Prospero’s (colonizer) assertiviness and segregation, sometimes takes on Caiban’s (colonized) features. We explored, lastly, the shock between the oral culture and writing culture to achieve recognition. To develop our reflection, we compared the mucanadas ambaquistas (letters) with the ruin’s image; shown by Walter Benjamin in his studies.

The present thesis is a result of a research developed between 2018 and 2020 on Letters Master’s Degree Program at Federal University of São João del-Rei about of a fake news. The research problem addressed is constituted by the superficial description that the journalistic media makes of fake news, considering different language phenomena as if they were a single process. Hence, this results in analyzes and interpretations of fake news without well-defined and clear enunciative criteria, with newspapers being the main responsible for this non-characterization, since they do not explain their criterion (s) in the naming of utterances as fake news. What the recent fake news point out is the alteritarian and passionate process that forms between subject-utterancer and subject-interlocutor, which allows us to analyze the fake news phenomenon based on the theoretical discussion of Bakhtin's Circle, in a dialectic-dialogic way. Thus, this thesis is justified due to the noncareful journalistic description of fake news statements to have made it possible, as we analyzed in this paper, that subject-candidates-to-the-presidency-of-Brazil put themselves in subject-journalist place to emulate false information as true ones. Hence, we aim on this paper to analyze, based on Bakhtin Circle’s philosophy of language, especially, through pravda and istina concepts, the responsive process in which candidates for the presidency of Brazil emulate fake news in the 2018 elections. Methodologically, from the 2018 candidates’
campaign, we selected two utterances of two candidates-subject¸ in two different events, since both were reported by news media as being fake news. Furthermore, in order to describe and interpret the utterancy process of the presidency-candidates that created these utterance-fake, we settled three criteria to define the fake news and distinguish them from others enunciative processes. About the theoretical reference, we start from Bakhtin and the Circle of Bakhtin discussions about language to settle a dialog with others language theories, such as Roxo and Melo (2018) and Alcott and Gentzkow (2017), which allowed us to conceive fake news as a news intentionally false, verifiable and with aim to mislead the electors by emulating as a true news. The ultimate result of our analyze point out, based in criteria aforementioned and in one of our specific objectives, that in only one event analyzed there is, indeed, a production of a fake news, whereas the other utterance does not exhibit the same enunciative characteristics.

The present study is connected in the theoretical assumptions of the Semantics of Enunciation. It contributes to the discussion of the concept of nominal formation and enunciate, since this investigative approach handles with different meanings, derived from the most distinct writing occurrences. In the case of this paper, writing occurrences is materially articulated in a language extract, i.e., when entering enunciation, linguistic structures establish relations that determine their effects of meaning. Hence, the focus of this research is based on the following questions, which were fundamental for the delimitation of the general research objective. What referential perspectives are connected in the nominal formations (NF) that constitute the words about the female overweight body, and what meaning effects do these NFs produce, in addition to the statement structure? Essentially, our main aim is investigating the different meaning effects, arising from the nominal formations that constitute the enunciates about the female body, observing how the historical-social attributes acts in the enunciation of these forms and establish the representation of such body. In light of this, we analyze the enunciative action to develop the meanings about the female body, considering the thematic framework of beauty, the referential perspectives, the functioning of negation and the argumentative directions which guide and rewrite the aforesaid body. The selection of the research corpus was carried out through the web search engine Google, applying the methodological process of enunciative networks (DIAS, 2018). Therefore, our analysis allowed us to verify that, by constructing a continuum of meaning, which track the meaning effects of NFs that rewrite the female body, the corpus used demanded an interpretation of statements that organized distinct meanings and sayings about the body. This interpretation, consecutively, connected with the rewriting process, offers an orientation of meaning which claims a less oppressive look at the representation of the female body, that currently state the reference of beaty in a perspective of well-being. Regarding the denial process, it maintains, in interface with its affirmative counterpart, the argumentative orientation about the female body and the two procedures of saying, the denial and the affirmations, offers mechanisms of search for social belonging for such body.

The object of investigation of this dissertation is composed of seventeen photographs of women who have bruises on their bodies. These women hold signs on which are written musical verses, which, in turn, depict the physical aggression they suffered. The photographs were used in the campaign called Música: uma construção de gêneros, carried out by the Secretariat of Policies for Women, in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of the research was to make a multimodal analysis of the imagery content related to the verbal content and, thus, verify the discourses that emerge, that are (de) constructed, that are (re) articulated and legitimized. The Grammar of Visual Design, by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), supported the analysis of the photographs, with a multimodal approach. For the textual analysis, Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (2001) was used, applying the categories of Intertextuality and Interdiscursivity and, finally, the Musical Critical Analysis, supported by the perspective of Van Leeuwen (2012) and by French theory focused on the musical enunciator, completes the theoretical reference of this work. After this scientific investigation, it was concluded that, in the musical context of the campaign, the action reveals the various chauvinist and sexist discourses and the violence of genders that go unnoticed by many people. This happens due to the musical artifacts that disguise the power relations present there, hide the brutality of violence against women and function as an ideological deception. The campaign's initiative managed to alert society — still patriarchal — about the perpetuation and naturalization of such speeches and how they can influence the individual's actions.

Due to the new meanings of the word “slut” in terms of valuing women, which emerged from
the Slutwalk, in editions that took place from 2011 to 2018 in Brazil, we elected the nomination
“slut” as the object for study. Our theoretical contribution to this study is the assumptions
presented by the Semantics of Enunciation. As this word has productions of different and
sometimes opposite meanings, the noun "slut" is useful in the perception of the political
operating in the language. Hence, in broad terms, our main aim is the reflection about
enunciative assemblies, politically configured, which are performed concerning the
(re)meaning of such a word. In order to develop the analysis that we propose, we search for
texts that discuss the women’s history. Moreover, we collected the corpus through search on
the Google database, and Twitter and YouTube platforms, looking for historical referentiality
that attach the regularization of the pejorative meaning of the noun "slut", fought by the walks,
as well as statements that build a new referentiality, the women's freedom. Ultimately, we
present the movements of meaning about the social representation of women, marked by the
meaning of freedom rewritten as a slut, i.e., we analyzed the politics operating in the language
through the political subject.

This Master’s Thesis presents a case study of Jantar Secreto (2016), written by
Raphael Montes, in which the main theme revolves around cannibalism. The aim of
this work was to associate excerpts from the novel to aspects of the contemporary
world which endorses this narrative. Jantar Secreto (2016) is filled with hyperbolic
elements, which reveals themselves through suspense, the horror, and the
grotesque. A parallel between the narrative and Rubem Fonseca’s literary works was
established and it revealed that Fonseca had a strong influence on Montes’ writings,
especially in short stories such as Anjos da Marquises, published in the collection
Confraria das Espadas (1986), and Nau Catrineta, part of book Feliz Ano Novo
(1975). Then, a historical background about Anthropophagy in Brazil was traced,
from its historical and cultural aspects in indigenous communities, to the
Anthropophagic Movement, its presence in literature, and its contemporary
representations in the Arts, in which it assumes a position of criticism and denounce,
besides drawing attention to problems related to the social inequality inherited from
the colonization process in Brazil. Thus, it became clear that some elements from
literary fiction, namely cannibalism, organs traffic and social inequality producing
violent situations, are common in a real life that is characterized by a post-modern
discontent, a consequence of the necropolitics promoted by neoliberal systems.
Finally, the presence of cannibalism in different forms of artistic expressions was
underlined, and it indicated that society is becoming more interested in this topic,
even though its representation acquires new meanings depending on the subjectivity
of the artist/author. However, most of the times, cannibalism holds a critical bias in
literary, social, and political spheres.

Through this work, is intended to raise a proposal for reading – and its justification – of some of the Lima Barreto's works as self-fictional productions. Motivated by the perception of the late critical reception of his work, the analysis here brought aims to realize an investigative path that permeates studies about madness, under a comparative look between both humanist and illuminist philosophical thoughts; of the self writings, under the consideration that it is inherent to them a process of self-fictionalization; and self-fiction, reflecting, from the understandings of its concepts, on the possibilities of categorization of the works analyzed here. The literary texts brought here as object of study are Diário do Hospício (2017) and Cemitério dos vivos (2017), both written by Lima Barreto during the periods during which the author was admitted to an asylum in Rio de Janeiro, under the diagnosis of hallucinations caused by alcoholism.

This thesis approaches BNCC as discourse, based upon the relationship between language and ideology. It shows how the text of the document produces effects of meaning upon BNCC itself and upon education. In other words, the thesis consolidates the idea that discourse intervenes in the real and constitutes reality. Our objective was to comprehend the effects of meaning upon BNCC produced in / by the text of the document in its relationship with the meaning of education. To approach these effects, we used as theoretical and methodological reference Michel Pêcheux’s Discourse Analysis, especially Pêcheux’s idea, discussed in AAD-69, that discourse is not transmission of information, but effects of meaning between speakers. We also discussed neoliberal rationale and economization (DARDOT; LAVAL, 2016. LAVAL, 2019. ANDRADE, 2019) to help us comprehend the effects of meaning upon education in / by BNCC. The object of the research is the BNCC approved by the Minister of Education Rossieli Soares da Silva in 2018, which included Ensino Medio elements and, thus, encompasses all Brazilian Basic Education. We identified discursive sequences in the document which were analyzed alternating between description of linguistic material and interpretation. The analysis identified an effect of truth in which BNCC is represented as educational quality by means of an authoritarian discourse that aims at controlling meaning. Besides, we identified an apparent contradiction between homogeneity and heterogeneity.The term apparent refers to the fact that in spite of an appeal to heterogeneity and to diversity, the document ends up reinforcing homogeneity, thus restricting diversity. This apparent contradiction contributes to an effect of curricular centralization, thus corroborating the representation of BNCC as educational equality and as overcoming of educational “problems”. These effects of meaning upon BNCC also signify education as BNCC itself. As discourse, BNCC, in its relationship with neoliberal rationale, intervenes in the real and constitutes both quality and equality in education as BNCC itself, a process in which we can identify an economization of education.

This present study has as its theme the hate speech in opposition to the freedom of expression on the Analysis of the Legal Discourse and the case of the natives that occurred with the federal deputy JairMessiasBolsonaro, current president of the Republic in Brazil. This master's thesis seeks to portray the structure of the speech and how he was acquitted in the face of a clearly xenophobic and racist phrase and expression issued by the deputy who was understood to be a speech that was not endowed with crime because it was in a political campaign and that it was not possible maintain a conviction in this regard. Several questions arise within this constitution of discourse analysis, and for this reason, the development of this thesis is based on investigating and presenting arguments that reflect the need to limit freedom of expression in order to prevent cases of hate speech in Brazil. Within this conception, this thesis was divided into four chapters. The first chapter is based on the structure of the judiciary in the Federal Constitution of 1988. Subsequently, it examines the Critical Discourse Analysis, considering a theoretical-methodological approach of the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), its basic concepts, the three-dimensional model exposed by the author Norman Fairclough, in addition to appreciating about the means and symbols of power and ways of operationalizing ideology. Also in this same chapter, it is a question of investigating and succinctly presenting the argumentative operators and intertextuality and, finally, the Critical Analysis of Legal Discourse. In chapter three it is inferred to elucidate about hate speech versus freedom of expression. And finally, considering the previous analysis before a summary of the object of analysis that refer to the actions that was judged JairMessiasBolsonaro and the case of natives. The methodology used is based on considering a qualitative analysis, highlighting the doctrines and scientific articles duly published, sharing their understandings and positions that, invariably, are exposed in a political, social, and legal way in relation to the case in question, in addition to documentally review the processes in the judiciary that analyzed the deputy's conduct. The construction of the text was entirely based on the authors' considerations, and, in the end, the author's position is highlighted to seek to build a more adequate Brazilian scenario due to hate speech crimes.

Nowadays is common to hear that “being different is normal”, but it was not always the case.
Growing up hearing that a type of behavior was wrong, even when it seem to make sense;
feeling overwhelmed in a placed that should be fun; realizing that, maybe, what many
consider “normal” does not apply to the same situations when in comes to your life… it was
like that that Marguerite, the main character of The Invisible Difference, a graphic novel
written by Julie Dachez and illustrated by Mademoiselle Caroline, found out she was autistic.
And its publication made the opening of a new layer of understanding and discussion about
the topic possible. The present research has its focus on the comprehension of the construction
of the identity of the autistic individual by the means of autobiographic writing, showing the
importance of representation in media. Besides that, a study about the history of the Autistic
Spectrum Disorder was conducted, with the intention of contextualizing how the perception of
the spectrum was changing over time and with the growth of publications from autistic
individuals sharing their experiences and lives. The use of images in the graphic novel was
also a point of discussion of the validity of this recourse in the dissemination of information
about autism to different types of spectators. The research was organized in three chapters,
covering the history of autism, the identity and autobiography and the analysis of the work
The Invisible Difference. With that, is expected for the reader to not only learn more about the
theme, but also to feel embraced by it.

Access to land in Brazil is located in an arena of semantic dispute where nominations emerge and constitute conflicting points of view (PÊCHEUX [1969], 1997) with each other and that seek to (re)signify the subjects and the referent according to different perspectives of the world. Therefore, in the present dissertation, we investigate, in a quali-quantitative way, the conflict of nominations regarding agrarian reform constituted in the ideological clash between landless subjects and rural landowners in the period of the New Brazilian Republic (1985 to 2019), focusing on the constitution of social knowledge circulating in and by civil society. Therefore, our data are formed by 88 (eighty-eight) texts produced by the Brazil’s Landless Workers Movement (MST) and the New Right in 4 (four) distinct moments of this period of national history: the first encompasses what we understand to be the institution of the New Republic and the political organization of the social actors evaluated (1985 to 1989); the second considers the growing state and national elite adherence to neoliberal economic policy and the deepening of the capitalist agricultural model (1990 to 1999); the third contemplates the intensification of neoliberalism (2000 to 2009); finally, the fourth comprises the recent historical context characterized by the strengthening of New Right ultraneoliberalism on the public scene and by authoritarian practices of persecution of social movements (2010 to 2019). In this way, we link to the interface between the conceptions of discourse, imaginary and ideology in the materialistic Analysis of Discourse (PÊCHEUX [1969], 1997; ORLANDI, 1987), the lexicometric approach in Née ( 2017), the studies of nominalization in Siblot (1997; 2001) and the contributions to the enunciative analysis of nominalization in Dahlet (2015) and Guilbert (2020) to investigate the ways of naming - in which nominalizations are included - the land and the social actors involved in the meanings of land reform. Furthermore, we analyze the discursive construction of legitimacy, authority, and credibility of the social practices of these two groups. With this, we aim to contribute to the field of discourse studies on the theme, considering this asynchronous, yet contemporary, dialogue between distinct discursive positions on land as a privileged theoretical and methodological procedure to observe the meanings of land reform and the implications that the conflicts between the nominations bring to the political debate. With this in mind, we organize our research in three chapters, namely: Chapter 1 outlines a historical background on land distribution/concentration and on the land reform debate in the country; Chapter 2 is aimed at the development of our theoretical-methodological perspective for the analysis of the public debate on land reform; Chapter 3 brings the analyses of the semantic conflict of nominations and the process of resignification of land reform between MST and New Right in the New Brazilian Republic (1985 to 2019).

This essay analyzes the possibilities of communication found in the character Fabiano from the novel Vidas Secas (1938), written by the northeastern author Graciliano Ramos. A bibliographic research, headed by the texts that deal with Fabiano's linguistic activity, was the chosen methodology, focusing mainly on his discursive performance within the production relations between the owner and the cowboy, relations that mark the oligarchic society of the first decades from the 20th century. Because there are many critical theories about the author and his work, it was chosen to use those that bring discussions about Graciliano's singular writing and the way his literary work promotes visibility to subjects considered “poor-devils”. As it was a period in which there was a political movement in favor of the brazilian northeast region, this article contextualizes the time period the novel was written and how it
influenced the choice of theme and the characters’ language. This essay also proposes a discussion about the intellectuals’ role in representing subordinated subjects. 

In this research we propose the understanding of cinema as syncretic semiotics, from the point of view of the theoric model developed by Waldir Beividas. With this purpose, we make use of the semiotic theory of Greimas and his predecessors, in order to understand the approach presented here, and the concept of syncretism proposed by Hjelmslev, from the precursor studies of Saussure. At the end, we provide a demonstration of analysis of
the model presented.

In My Skin: an analysis from the perspective of Racial Literacy

ABSTRACTDue to the great dynamism and capacity for resignification of language, and its transformations in the digital medium, our research elects memes as the object of study, to comprehend this phenomenon of collective action from/on cyberculture under the perspective of Semantics of Enunciation. Therefore, the current paper intends to investigate how the manifestation of the (re)construction of the effects of meaning, through memes, is done considering a Semantic-Enunciative perspective. More broadly, our goal consists in analyzing the structural domains as well as those of social-historical order that support the signification process of memes. To develop the analysis that we intend, we aimed to discuss the concept of meme, tracing a conceptual course of the term and examining the characteristics that constitute them. Concerning the theme and the delimitation of the object of study, we strived to use memes related to the former president of Brazil, Dilma Rouseff. The building of the corpusof the research was done through entries in the search engine Google using the Enunciative Networks methodological process (DIAS, 2018). Thus, our analysis allowed us to identify that the (re)construction of meaning in memes happen through the similarities and differences and that, along with their metaphorical and adaptative capacity, such digital phenomena are supported by diversified references that condense effects of meaning and it is constituted while network enunciation.

Between 1930 and 1980, the deaths of more than 60,000 people drastically marked the Barbacena asylum, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Italian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia visited the Colonia Hospital in 1979 – the largest psychiatric hospital in Brazil at the time –, and declared, in a news conference, that he had visited a Nazi concentration camp. Also in 1979, the Estado de Minas newspaper published a story by Hiram Firmino, entitled Nos
porões da loucura, which became a book of the same name, edited by Edições do Pasquim Collection (volume 104). In the same year, Helvécio Ratton's documentary Em nome da razão was filmed. After that, the subject was only taken up by the media in 2013, when journalist Daniela Arbex wrote a series of stories for the Tribuna de Minas newspaper, which culminated in the writing of the book Holocausto brasileiro: vida, genocídio e 60 mil mortes no maior hospício do Brasil. In 2016, the documentary Holocausto brasileiro, produced by HBO and released on cable television channel HBO Max, was launched. Our concerns arise from the (re)reading of narratives and photographs of strong impact of the asylum. The number of women portrayed and the space given to them intrigued us and, to paraphrase Spivak (2010), we questioned: can the “crazy” woman speak? The “crazy woman” in the documentaries gets their speech space and is constituted within the asylum by the producers. We cannot ignore that this construction passes through the lens of the documentary filmmakers and the individuals involved in some way with Colônia and, as we see in Mussalim (2001), the subjects are defined by the words of others, which are, therefore, one signifier of the other, so our concerns start from these constitutions and resignifications. Thus, we deal with what we call here the asylum happening and, from this, we will cut out (ORLANDI, 1984) narratives and images of “crazy” women (in different periods) and the spaces that refer to Colônia. Our work attempts to bring different signifiers in order to analyze the meaning-making effects provoked by documentaries, since they are populated by silences and memories – which prompted us to think of associations with the Military Dictatorship and the Nazi Holocaust. To reach our goal, our analysis will have the theoretical support of French Discourse Analysis, with concepts about utterance conditions, discursive formations, imaginary formations, silences and discursive memory, to think about the work of ideology that crosses and institutes subjects, which determines meanings and silences other possibilities for reading documentaries.

This dissertation aims to study the manga Aku no hana (The Flowers of Evil, by Shuzo Oshimi), published between 2009 and 2014. The study starts from Aku no hana's relations with Charles Baudelaire's The Flowers of Evil, first published in 1857. The concept of flanêrie, widely used by Baudelaire, can be related to the main character of the manga and creates a comparison bias investigated in this study. The evil is another concept that involves comparative analysis between the two objects. We discuss the evil-minded religion - the Fall myth, the original sin - and also the relationship of anti-modernism in both Baudelaire and Kasuga (the main character of Aku no hana). A comparative study of these two works, so different from one another - whether in the formal relations between the genre "poetry" and the genre "manga", or in the political and cultural realm - contributes to a new interpretation that is anchored on the affinities between both works.

This research investigates whether (and to what extent) the process of didactic transposition of shared knowledge into genres takes place in literacy events in a collection of Portuguese-language textbooks destined to the three years of Secondary Education, entitled New Words (AMARAL et al., 2013). In the course of the research, therefore, two central questions are taken: how these genres are delineated in the collection in question and how the orientations for teachers represent the teaching of desirable practices, becoming literacy events for students' learning. For this, the first chapter presents a set of researches that has the textbook as an object of polysemic study, culturally understood as endowed with activities for teaching / learning and focused on the rules of teaching, defining content and ways of working from them. The second chapter discusses the concepts of textual genre (SWALES, 1990) and discursive genre (BAKHTIN, 2003). In addition to these authors, other authors such as Marcuschi (2001, 2002, 2005, 2008), Bunzen Júnior (2006, 2009) and Motta-Roth (2008) are considered in order to clarify how national surveys have assimilated and developed those concepts . Next, it is discussed the process of didactic transposition and how this process occurs in the transposition of genres to the textbook of Portuguese Language. The third chapter seeks to problematize, different meanings that the concept of literacy has received over time and relate them to the transposition and to the way literacy events are performed through the book. Finally, the fourth chapter considers the notion of discourse gender as a category of analysis of the New Words collection (AMARAL et al., 2013), seeking to verify if (and to what extent) the guidelines regarding the didactic transposition of these modes of action social, representing the teaching practice of Portuguese Language. For this, the perspectives of social literacy were considered, as discussed in Street (2006, 2014). It is also verified from a case study (VENTURA, 2013), how the genres, understood as simulacra of genres, are delineated in parts of the collection, constructing forms of representation of the teacher doing in activities present in textbooks, corpus of analysis. By means of these steps, it was verified that the didactic transposition of discourse genres is partially effective in the New Words collection (AMARAL et al., 2013), considering how the authors of the collection work with genres for the teaching of Portuguese language.

A color defect: narrative crossroads

XXXX

The present work aims at understanding how poetry, as a phenomenon that establishes senses, manifests in urban space. To develop it, we performed series of interviews with São João del-Rei’s residents in order to understand the different ways in which people of this city are related, poetically and emotionally, to their urban spaces. This corpus was made by interviews, was problematized, taking the concept of poetic image into account as the Gaston Bachelard’s work does, highlighting and developing the considerations about the author’s Poetic Images of Space. We also developed the idea of a city as a work of art, according to Giulio Carlo Argan’s work. The result of this analysis allowed us to create an emotional and literary map of urban areas of São João del-Rei. We intend this map to contribute to discussions about the policies of cultural heritage preservation, since it is a subject of great interest and importance to our region. In this sense, this research also claims to complete another work, previously developed at this university, where we also quest to understand the dynamic itself of the city.

xxx