Validation of the Quality of Life Scale for Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia
Keywords: Measurement scale, Quality of life, Caregivers, Schizophrenia
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the global population is high, with a significant increase in the number of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia can be considered one of the diseases that most compromises the individual's health, significantly impacting the family’s role in providing care. These families play the role of caregivers without having the necessary support and preparation, which results in a decrease in their quality of life. Given the decrease in the quality of life of these families, there is a need to develop research on this topic. However, studies in this area are scarce, especially in Brazil, which can be explained by the absence of validated instruments that specifically assess the quality of life of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Quality of Life Scale for Family Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patients (S-CGQoL), developed in France and adapted to Brazil. The study involved 248 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia who responded to a structured interview in which the S-CGQoL, the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOLBREF), the Burden Interview (BI), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (ESV) were applied. The results indicated that the Brazilian version of the S-CGQoL presents adequate evidence in terms of construct validity and internal consistency of the instrument. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the presence of seven factors, with adequate fit indices (X²/gl = 1.87, CFI = 0.933; TLI = 0.917 and RMSEA = 0.059), corroborating the factor structure of the original scale. As for internal consistency, the values of Alpha and Omega were both 0.86 for the global scale. The correlation between the S-CGQoL score and the WHOQOLBREF score was positive and significant (r=0.69; p<0.05). The same was true for the results of the correlations between the S-CGQoL scores and the scores of the ESV (r=0.66; p<0.05) and SHS (r=0.36; p<0.05) scales. As for the BI scale, the correlation between the scores was negative and significant (r=-0.48; p<0.05), as expected. Therefore, the S-CGQoL is an adequate and important instrument to be used in the assessment of the quality of life of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.