Lesbos in the Tropics: Women prosecuted for the crime of Sodomy during the first visitation of the Holy Office in Bahia (1591-1593)
Keywords: Women; Sodomy; Portuguese Inquisition
This present work aims to understand and analyze women prosecuted for sodomy in the first inquisitorial visitations in parts of Brazil, approaching it from the perspective of gender studies, thus contributing to the construction of the history of women in colonial Brazil. Sodomy, despite being a crime primarily associated with male bodies and generating a series of incompatibilities with the female body, was also used as a term to judge female same-sex erotic relationships. The problematic definition of the crime of sodomy led many women to escape the clutches of the Inquisition, as their same-sex relationships were often understood as mere "improprieties" or "lewdness." The persecution of this crime was also part of the Portuguese colonial endeavor to expand the kingdom and the Catholic faith. In this sense, the Catholic Church sought ways to control the actions and bodies of its faithful, supported by Christian morality. In order to understand such practices, the inquisitorial documentation produced by the expedition of Licenciado Heitor Furtado de Mendonça was analyzed, particularly during its Bahian stage from 1591 to 1593. This included examining the denunciations against women that led to trials for such practices, totaling five prosecuted women.