The aim of this research is to analyze and discuss the demographic changes of the Brazilian population of de Barbacena in the last decades and their projections for the future. The idea is to draw a parallel between these population changes and the current public policies adopted by the government in order to analyze whether they are being efficient in serving the population of Barbacenn (MG). For that, the discussion about what a public policy really is will be necessary together with models of countries that managed to put it into effect for the benefit of their population. Through the national and local age pyramids, we will also discuss possible public policies that will be essential for a better quality of life for the next decades, since demographic changes take years to be effectively made effective monitoring of all planning essential. governmental and social policies in our space.