3D virtual environment for teaching vaccination
Virtual world, simulation, vaccine room, immunization, teaching, training, Unity, SUS, UTAUT.
The National Immunization Program (PNI), created in 1973 by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, is responsible for regulating the vaccination room, including operational procedures regarding its use. The nurse is the professional responsible for supervising the vaccination room and the team's permanent education process, being necessary to carry out periodic training. However, training usually does not occur systematically, being focused mainly on updating the vaccination schedule. In this work, we propose using innovative approaches, such as virtual worlds, digital games, and active methodologies to contribute to an environment for vaccination training. The research is outlined according to the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, with the guidance of a multidisciplinary team. A three-dimensional virtual environment was modeled and developed as a desktop application using the Unity game engine to support a virtual vaccination room training. A system for the creation and education of scenarios for the simulation was also modeled and implemented. Two evaluations were performed, one with expert judges to validate the artifact built through the Delphi method, and another with apprentices, to validate the usability and acceptance of technology through the SUS (System Usability Scale) and UTAUT2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) methods. The results showed that the proposed simulation was well accepted and had good usability according to the SUS method (81.38 scores). The analysis promoted by UTAUT2 also allowed us to identify that performance expectancy was the factor that most positively influenced apprentices' behavioral intentions. It is also noteworthy that both audiences that participated in the evaluations emphasized the relevance of the proposed simulation and pointed out improvements concerning the representation of some items in the virtual room. Finally, we conclude that the proposed simulation is a viable and desirable alternative for teaching vaccination.