From rationality to reasonability: the development of John Rawls’s conception of deliberative democracy
Keywords: Rationality. Reasonableness. Theory of Justice. Well-ordered democratic
society.
Justice as equity is a concept presented by John Rawls in A theory of justice, a work
published in 1971. This conception aimed to propose a comprehensive Moral Philosophy
that could reform the social contract based on basic principles of a conception of justice. In
this sense, this political philosopher envisions the possibility of minimizing social conflicts –
arising from the reasonable pluralism of comprehensive doctrines – through the public
justification of basic institutions, as well as fundamental rights and duties. In 2001, thirty
years after “A theory of justice”, Rawls publishes Justice as fairness: a reformulation,
modifying the bases of his idea of justice as fairness. Given these references, this dissertation
aims to study the foundations of the Rawlsian theory of justice, since by replacing the
proposal of a comprehensive Moral Philosophy for a political conception of justice, Rawls's
theory of justice incorporates the concept of reasonableness to that of rationality, presenting
a more realistic concept of a well-ordered democratic society.