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PAULA DANIELE RESENDE SILVA
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ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF LAND USE AND OCCUPATION IN THE RIO DAS VELHAS HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN
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Leader : JOAO CARLOS FERREIRA BORGES JUNIOR
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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DANIELA DE CARVALHO LOPES
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JOAO CARLOS FERREIRA BORGES JUNIOR
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MICHELE APARECIDA PEREIRA DA SILVA
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Data: 28 févr. 2022
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Knowing the dynamics of land use and occupation allows the identification of changes in scenarios over a given period. This is important information for the public administration of municipalities, development of projects, in addition to watershed management. The Rio das Velhas hydrographic basin is located in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais and presents a process of urban growth, silvicultural, agricultural and mining activities. There are changes in scenarios that affect water resources with the possibility of volume reduction and water quality degradation, which causes conflicts of use. In this context, through the mapping of land use and land cover using the bases elaborated by the Mapbiomas Project present, information that helps in the planning of land use and occupation is obtained and can be applied to prevent possible environmental impacts. The study aims to evaluate the trend of land use and occupation in the Rio das Velhas hydrographic basin in the different regions of the basin (High, Medium High, Medium Low and Low) between 1985 and 2019, using use mapping and occupation of the Mapbiomas. To assess the occupation trend, the Mann-Kendall test was used, where it was possible to observe a growth trend in urbanization, forestry, rocky outcrops and mining and a decreasing trend for pasture, forest and water bodies and stability for the occupation of fields and agriculture in the Rio das Velhas basin area.
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2
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POLYANNA ABREU CORRÊA
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ORGANIC MATTER AND STABILITY OF AGGREGATES IN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION CROP LIVESTOCK FOREST SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT LEVELS
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Leader : ANDRE THOMAZINI
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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RAFAEL DA SILVA TEIXEIRA
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ALINE DE ALMEIDA VASCONCELOS
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ANDRE THOMAZINI
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Data: 14 juil. 2022
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Different soil use and management practices can significantly affect soil attributes, especially physical ones. In this sense, it is necessary to develop management strategies that promote improvements in soil quality, in order to favor the growth and development of crops, increasing their efficiency and consequent sustainable productivity. The study was carried out at Fazenda Lagoa dos Currais – Curvelo/MG, in an area of 44 hectares, it was divided into four pickets of 11 hectares each, where four different levels of fertilization management and integration of agricultural components were established: level one (Standard Regional), level two (Improved System), level three (Intensified System) and level four (Potential Production), with one level for each paddock, compared with an adjacent cerrado control area. Technological levels progress according to technology, investment in soil improvement and establishment of more intensive systems, ranging from investments in fertility to the adoption of more advanced production technologies. Soil sampling was carried out before and after the implementation of the Technological Reference Unit (URT) at two different depths (0-10 and 10-20cm) for chemical, physical and soil organic matter characterization in the years 2017 and 2019. The aggregation indices determined were: the weighted mean diameter (DMP), the geometric mean diameter (DMG) and the aggregate stability index (IEA). The collection of material used for soil physics analysis was performed only once at the end of 2020, after three years of experiment establishment. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compare variables related to soil quality between the adopted management levels. Level three tends to have a greater positive influence on soil quality in the 0-10 cm layer, especially with regard to the accumulation of organic matter. The results indicate that depth, organic matter and fertilization were the most important indicators of soil quality, reflecting on the general quality of the soil. Based on the values obtained, level three is the most appropriate management of the integration system in this context, since it preserves soil quality at a lower cost than technological level four. It is worth noting that even after three years of evaluation, more studies need to be carried out in order to carry out a more accurate monitoring over time, especially in relation to the stability index IV of soil aggregates, which requires a longer time to have more expressive effects. related to changes in management
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3
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GILMA ALVES DA SILVA
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EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM APPLICATION AND DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES IN ‘PÊRA’ ORANGE (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) PHYSIOLOGY, NUTRITION AND QUALITY
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Leader : JOSE CARLOS MORAES RUFINI
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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JOSE CARLOS MORAES RUFINI
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ANA CLÁUDIA COSTA
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THÁIS REGINA DE SOUZA CHICHIA
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Data: 18 juil. 2022
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The obtention of higher yields with good fruit quality is directly associated with proper management methods, including suitable nutrient supply through fertilization. The orange tree (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) has an elevated nitrogen demand, whose assimilation is related to the nitrate reductase enzyme, which contains molybdenum as a cofactor in its structure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of molybdenum foliar application and different nitrogen fertilizers sources on orange cv. ‘Pera’ physiological and nutritional leaves factors and fruit quality, grown in a commercial orchard. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to the absence and presence of molybdenum foliar fertilization, and three nitrogen sources application: (100% ammonium), ammonium nitrate (50% ammonium and 50% nitrate) and calcium nitrate (100% nitrate). The evaluations consisted of principal component analysis (PCA) of photosynthetic variables, and leaf contents of nitrate, ammonium, molybdenum, proline and pigments analysis, leaf nutritional estimation and fruit quality, related to the physical, physical-chemical and coloring analyses. The physiological parameter's PCA allowed the treatment's division concerning the molybdenum application or its absence. The molybdenum fertilized plants, regardless of the nitrogen source applied, had increased juice yields, higher total soluble solids levels and a more elevated ratio. The molybdenum presence homogenized the titratable acidity and ratio results, regardless of the urea application, ammonium nitrate or calcium nitrate.
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4
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ANDREIA APARECIDA DOS ANJOS CHAGAS
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CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPE-TYPE CHERRY TOMATOES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURATION AND ESTIMATION OF LYCOPENE CONTENT VIA COLORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
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Leader : LANAMAR DE ALMEIDA CARLOS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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LANAMAR DE ALMEIDA CARLOS
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FELIPE MACHADO TROMBETE
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CAROLINE LIBOREIRO PAIVA
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Data: 20 juil. 2022
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Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed fruits in Brazil, due to its sensory and nutritional characteristics. However, it has high perishability, which is mainly due to the ripening stage of the fruits, directly influencing their post-harvest life and consumer choice. Due to the great demand for high quality vegetables, the adoption of alternative techniques that allow the determination of quality attributes quickly, accurately and noninvasively is required. In this context, colorimetry is considered an efficient and easy alternative way to classify and model chemical composition. The present work aimed to characterize the grape-type cherry tomato of Sweet Heaven variety at different stages of maturation, estimating the lycopene contents from colorimetric analysis. Grape-type cherry tomatoes of the Sweet Heaven variety were used for the experiment, grown in a greenhouse at the Avestruz no Cerrado farm, located in the rural area of Araçaí-MG. In Chapter 2 the contents of the bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, lycopene and flavonoids), the antioxidant capacity and the physicochemical characteristics (pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity and SST/ATT ratio) were evaluated. The results showed a reduction in the total titratable acidity, an increase in pH, total soluble solids and SST/ATT ratio. The samples collected in the mature stage showed the highest concentrations of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. Despite presenting superior characteristics in relation to the other stages, the harvest of tomatoes at this stage becomes compromised due to their perishability to handling. In Chapter 3, the estimates of the correlation levels between the lycopene content in tomatoes, determined from spectrophotometry, and the values of the chromaticity components (L*, a*, b*) and ΔE*, obtained from colorimetric measurements, for the parameter b* of the calibrated model, showed a low correlation (R2 = 0.3084). Therefore, it should not be used to predict the lycopene content of tomatoes. On the other hand, the models based on the parameters L*, ΔE* and a* presented low values of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Willmott Agreement Index (d) close to 1 (0.983; 0.993 and 0.994) respectively, which were considered very satisfactory. These results confirm that it is possible to indirectly estimate, with relative precision and accuracy, the lycopene content in intact tomato fruits at different stages of maturation from chromaticity values, without the need of complex laboratory analyzes and without using chemical reagents.
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5
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CAROLINE DOS SANTOS MARTINS GUIEIRO
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BIOSOLUBILIZATION OF SILICATIC AGROMINERALS AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF POTASSIUM FOR AGRICULTURE.
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Leader : IVANILDO EVODIO MARRIEL
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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IVANILDO EVODIO MARRIEL
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CRISTIANE ALCANTARA DOS SANTOS
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MARIA LUCIA FERREIRA SIMEONE
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Data: 22 juil. 2022
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Potassium (K) demand for Brazilian agricultural production is high and high doses of potassium fertilizers must be added to the soil, particularly in the cerrado to obtain high yields.The import of a large part of potassium fertilizers (96%) causes a strong external dependence on Brazil, increasing production costs for rural producers and leaving Brazilian agriculture vulnerable to market fluctuations.A viable alternative to overcome this bottleneck is the search for efficient microorganisms in the biological availability of potassium, and the development of bioinoculants opens a new perspective for increasing productivity and soil fertility, with potential for partial or total replacement of synthetic fertilizers. Thus, in order to enhance the availability of potassium for plants, research has been developed with an emphasis on selection of microorganisms in order to add value to silicate rocks through biological processes that promote the improvement of nutrient availability to plants.The objective of this work was to select and identify strains of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes efficient in the “in vitro” biosolubilization of the verdetesilicate rock of Abaeté. In the preliminary screening phase, seventy-five isolates from each group of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) belonging to the Collection of Multifunctional Microorganisms of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo were randomly pre-selected.The microorganisms were reactivated in BDA medium and selected for their ability to form a halo in Aleksandrov solid medium containing potassium aluminum silicate as the only source of K.At this stage, 10 strains of bacteria, 12 of fungi and 6 of actinomycetes were selected. In liquid medium, the biosolubilization efficiency of the rock by the microorganisms was evaluated in 250 ml erlemeyer flasks containing 50 ml of MISK culture medium containing Abaeté verdeterock powder as the only source of K. For bacterial inoculation, 100 μL of suspension was used in each flask, with OD.= 1, and for fungi, each flask was inoculated with four 8mm diameter mycelial discs. After 6, 12 and 18 days of incubation the supernatant was removed for determination of K by flame spectrometry. The solubilization efficiency of K varied according to each isolate. Among bacteria, strains B30 and B116 showed the highest K releases among fungi strains F22 and F18 showed to be more efficient.
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6
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GUILHERME XAVIER LOPES SILVA
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW: ACYLSUGAR IN TOMATOES
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Leader : ERNANI CLARETE DA SILVA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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DOUGLAS JOSE MARQUES
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ERNANI CLARETE DA SILVA
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LEILA DE CASTRO LOUBACK FERRAZ
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Data: 28 juil. 2022
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The bibliographic review is one of the alternatives to complete current information and direct researchers to generate contemporary knowledge, pointing out new proposals based on the already published information. Thus, an electronic search was carried out in the Scielo, Agrobase, and Scopus databases, using the words "acilaçúcares OR acilaçúcar OR acylsugar" as the search term. The variables were analyzed: the number of publications per database, year of publication, place of publication (country/state), name of the journal, arthropod-pest target of research, and maximum concentration of acylsugar found. A total of 98 publications involving acylsugars were found. In all the studies, there was a significant result when comparing the source varieties of acylsugars with the control varieties. Regarding the countries where the research was carried out, Brazil stands out with 46 publications, followed by the United States with 41 publications, China with five publications, Spain with two publications, Colombia, Netherlands, India, and Iran with one publication each. Only one study was identified involving the resistance promoted by acylsugars to aphids (Myzus persicae), beet fall armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), to thrips (Frankliniella fusca) and the potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zellere). In Brazil, research involving acylsugar is concentrated mainly in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná. Thus according to the data analyzed, there is a need to produce new research, considering the relevance of acylsugars, as a source of resistance, to arthropod pests of tomato.
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7
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EZEQUIEL GARCIA DE SOUZA
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF MODEL TO POPULATION ESTIMATE THE TWOSPOTTED MITE IN SOYBEAN
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Leader : MARCOS ANTONIO MATIELLO FADINI
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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MARCOS ANTONIO MATIELLO FADINI
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MARCO AURÉLIO GUERRA PIMENTEL
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ELEM FIALHO MARTINS
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Data: 29 juil. 2022
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The twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) causes tanning and leaf fall in soybeans, reducing production and grain quality. The population sampling levels of this species is important to improve the management in commercial plantations. The use of colorimetric measurements in soybean areas can be an alternative for monitoring of mite. Helping to estimate populations in real time. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate the number of mites in soybean by colorimetric measurements using the CIE-L*a*b* color space. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Entomology Laboratory and greenhouse on São João Del Rei Federal University - Campus Sete Lagoas. The soybean variety used was BRS 7780 IPRO present in producing areas in the state of Minas Gerais. The plants were kept in a greenhouse with controlled temperature and humidity, in 1 L plastic pots with Terral Solo® substrate until the V3 stage, when the infestations are made. The technical aspects and nutritional needs of were rigorously followed. Soybean plants at V3 stage were used with 4 treatments (control= 0; T1 = 30; T2 = 60 and T3 = 100 adult females of T. urticae per plant) and 3 replicates and 170 measurements. A leaf of each plant was infested with females coming from creation, using Biocontrol® entomological glue on the edges to prevent escape of the mites. The leaves chosen for infestation were marked for future identification. After 10 days of the initial infestation, the plants were transported to the Laboratory, where colorimetric measurements and mite counts were performed. Regression and variance analyses were performed using Origin Pro 2015 software. Prediction equations were calibrated and validated. There is a significant difference for the variables L*, a* and ΔE*. Regression analyses showed determination coefficient values of 0.87; 0.93, and 0.55 for L*, a*, and b*, respectively. The use of the green variable (a*) in the CIE-L*a*b* space proved to be effective in distinguishing between infestation levels. The model created to estimate the number of mites in soybean leaves is adequate and viable to be applied in soybean areas with twospotted mite infestations.
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ELOISO JUNIO CORRÊA CAMPOS
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EVALUATION OF THE USE OF SILICON IN CORRECTION OF SOIL ACIDITY AND IN THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN AND BEANS CROPS
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Leader : AMILTON FERREIRA DA SILVA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ALINE DE ALMEIDA VASCONCELOS
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AMILTON FERREIRA DA SILVA
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RAFAEL DA SILVA TEIXEIRA
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Data: 29 juil. 2022
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The growing demand for food production, combined with biotechnological development, made Brazil one of the largest consumers of fertilizers in the world, as a consequence, the input from the domestic market was not enough to supply the demand, causing the country to become dependent on imports, increasing the cost of production. Brazil stands out not only in agriculture, but also in the production of pig iron, with the city of Sete Lagoas - MG being one of the most important in the steel sector. Slag is a by-product of pig iron production that presents higth content of silicates that, in reaction with hydrogen protons available in the soil, reacts to form monosilicide acid, uptake form for plant. Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element and has been ignored for many years in agriculture. Research has shown improvement in plant nutritional quality and beneficial effects in correcting soil acidity. The tailings, produced in large quantities, can be used in agriculture, mainly for crops considered to accumulate Si, such as corn. On the other hand, beans are considered a non-accumulating plant, however, different sources can make Si available in greater or lesser amounts. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of using steel slag as a source of silicate in the correction of soil acidity and its effect on growth and productivity variables in corn and bean crops. As beans are considered a non-accumulating plant, it was decided that they should be cultivated after planting corn so that the slag had a longer reaction period in the soil, 8 months. In addition, the plant could take advantage of the phytoliths released by the straw from the previous crop that was deposited in the area. The work was carried out in randomized blocks in the experimental field Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei – Sete Lagoas campus, located in the central region of Minas Gerais, consisting of 6 treatments (slag doses) and 4 replications. The slag was ground, passed through a 2mm sieve and distributed in doses equivalent to 0 (control), 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha-1 of SiO2. The variables analyzed were those related to pH correction and plant productivity. None of the analyzed variables presented a significant result, probably due to the low solubilization of the silicate source used. The slag doses did not correct the soil acidity, did not influence the productivity and did not increase the Si content in the plant or in the soil. The corn plant showed potential for absorption, translocation and silicon polymerization, unlike common bean, which was not possible to observe absorption. Soil pH did not change due to slag non-reactivity. The slag used under the conditions of the experiment does not present efficient solubilization.
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Rayssa Simão Machado
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SELECTION OF EFFICIENT Azospirillum STRAINS AIMING CO-INOCULATION WITH Bradyrhizobium IN SOYBEAN CROPS
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Leader : IVANILDO EVODIO MARRIEL
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CRISTIANE ALCANTARA DOS SANTOS
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IVANILDO EVODIO MARRIEL
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UBIRACI GOMES DE PAULA LANA
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Data: 26 août 2022
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Soybean farming in Brazil has been occupying a prominent position in world agribusiness, being one of the most productive grains. Due to good performance and high productivity, the demand for inoculants that contribute to nodulation and increase productivity is growing. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF), performed by diazotrophic bacteria, such as the genus Azospirillum, is seen as one of the strategies for reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture and increasing production. Given the facts, the objective of this work is to select efficient strains of Azospirillum, compatible with Bradyrhizobium, in order to evaluate the co-inoculation in the soybean crop. The following treatments were used: 15 Azospirillum strains taken from the collection of forage diazotrophic bacteria (BDF) and from the collection of soil microorganisms (CMS) with Bradyrhizobium co-inoculation; 1 control treatment without inoculation; 1 treatment with inoculation of Bradyrhizobium only. The treatments received a dose of 12 kg ha-1 of N (Nitrogen) (A), 30 kg ha-1 of N (B), and then 1 treatment at a high dose of N 90 kg ha-1 (C) was added. without inoculation. All treatments were set up with 3 replications, forming a factorial scheme in a randomized block design (DBC) with 105 experimental units: 2x17x3+3. To evaluate the root system, shoots and the effects of biological nitrogen fixation, the following parameters will be analyzed: number of nodules, dry weight of nodules, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, shoot N content and of root N. The results will be submitted to analysis of variance and when significant, the scott knott will be performed at 5% probability using the SISVAR statistical program.
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10
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Julia Pimenta Pereira
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“Disinfestation of seeds and molecular characterization of Azospirillum ssp. strains coinoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fung in the development of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu”
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Leader : IVANILDO EVODIO MARRIEL
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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FREDERICK MENDES AGUIAR
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IVANILDO EVODIO MARRIEL
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NADIA NARDELY LACERDA DURAES PARRELLA
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Data: 7 oct. 2022
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Brazil is the largest exporter of beef in the world and has pastures as a food base for all production in the country. However, the country has about 70 million hectares of pastures with some level of degradation and it is necessary for the livestock sector to make use of technologies that aim at the recovery of these areas and the more efficient management of pastures. Studies have been carried out with the objective of identifying microorganisms that have symbiosis with grasses and promote better plant development and increased production while contributing to soil quality and reduced degradation. One of the main obstacles to the efficiency of U. brizantha seed inoculation is the low quality of the seeds. Usually, seed lots of this genus have a large amount of clods, stones, insects and other contaminants that bring a large microbial load and negatively influence the germination process and the efficiency of inoculation of these seeds with beneficial microorganisms, which is another obstacle to be addressed. overcome when it comes to establishing pasture in good condition. Therefore, the initial objectives are to develop a protocol for cleaning and disinfesting seeds Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu that increase the efficiency of inoculation of seeds with growth-promoting microorganisms, the molecular characterization of Azospirillum strains and the evaluation of the influence of the symbiosis between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum sp. in the initial development of Capim-Marandu. Seed cleaning and disinfestation protocols, obtained by 2 different suppliers, with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and different times of scarification in concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were tested in order to obtain the best concentration and combination that meet the premises of U. brizantha seed purification; do not compromise its physical structure and enable inoculation with the microorganisms of interest. Germination and seed purity tests were applied. In all, 14 strains of Azospirillum were submitted to molecular techniques based on genotypic analysis of DNA and PCR BOX and ERIC PCR for the identification and differentiation of microorganisms. The tests of the influence of the inoculation of Azospirillum strains and AMFs on the initial development of U. brizantha were carried out at the Laboratory of Microbial Ecology - Nucleus of Applied Biology (NBA), belonging to Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, under greenhouse conditions using soil and substrate containing vermiculite and sand (2:1) focusing on the establishment of symbioses. 03 strains of Azospirillum sp., 2 strains of AMF, the synergy between them were tested. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks (DBC), in a 4x3x4 factorial scheme. Evaluations were started 90 days after planting. The parameters evaluated are leaf area; root area; number of tillers; fresh weight, dry weight and root and shoot dry weight; rate of colonization of fungi and bacteria in the root system. It was possible to infer that the concentration of 4% of NaClO followed by washing the seeds in 92.8% alcohol provided the lowest growth of microorganisms in the seeds after cleaning and the time of 15 minutes of immersion of seeds in H2SO4 provided an improvement in germination of the seeds. Of the 14 Azospirillum strains, 11 were identified, one of them from the Pseudomonas genus, proving the importance of molecular and genotypic identification of microorganisms. BOX PCR and ERIC PCR techniques contributed significantly to the intraspecific differentiation of Azospirillum strains.
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